Te Tū o ngā Tata Rere Matawai i te Whare Tūmau Ōhanga

He aha ngā Ngota Pātene Kōpae He Mea Matua Nui Mō Te Haumātauranga Hoahoa

Mekanikia kore pakaru: Me pēhea te tauākī diamond hei whakapakari ake i te taraiwa i raro i ngā tikanga makariri, hinu, i te nuinga o te haere

Ko ngā tapaere tarauaki me te tauira whetu e mōhiotia ana e hāngai pū atu ana ki te tēkau pea i ngā hinga. Ko ngā tapa iti ake e hangaia ana e ngā whetū kōkiri e pakaru ana i ngā paparanga wai, ā, ka nui ake te mira kei ngā wāhi e hiahiatia ana. Ina tu ana tētahi ki ēnei tapaere, ko te hoahoa hei āra i te wai i ngā wāhi e tu ai ngā waewae, ā, ka homai hoki he wāhi mō ngā paraka kia mau ai. Kua whakatairangahia e ngā tātai mō te whakaiti i te raru o te hēkoi i runga i te wai ki te 60% ina mātau ki ngā mata tikanga pērā i te ANSI A1264.2 me OSHA 1910.25 ina mātau ki ngā mata parapara. Ahakoa kei ngā wāhi kirīkirī, ko ngā whetū kōkiri e pakaru ana i te mea kirīkirī kia mau tonu ai te tangata. Kei ngā wāhi huihui hoki te nuinga o te whakaaetanga nā te mea ka roa ake te maru takotoranga i te nuinga o ngā mata parapara, ina mātau ki ngā mata parapara ma, pērā i ngā parapara rīwai e wareware ana. Ka pātea pea ngā parapara rīwai, ka wareware rānei, engari ko te tauira whetu e noho ana mō tau maha kāore he hiahia ki te whakahou. Nō reira i te nuinga o ngā whare huka, ngā tapaere waho, ngā waka moana, me ētahi atu wāhi e hinga ai te tangata, ka whiriwhiri ratou ki ngā tapaere tarauaki hei whakauru matua.

Whanonga haumātanga mōhio: Ngā poutama kiriata vs. te hiko toto, tāone, me ngā poutama poke

Ko te titiro ki ngā ripōrutu ake ka whakaatu i ngā roa haumātanga nui i waenganui i ngā momo poutama rereke. Ka taea e ngā poutama hiko te kaha ki te kino rawa atu ina ua ana, ka pakaru pea te toru tekau pea ake te wā i te nuinga o ngā takotoranga kiriata e ai ki ngā tūhura o te Rōpū Kaitiaki Haumātanga me te Hauora Mahi mō ngā ake kaimahi. Ko ngā tapa tāone hoki e wareware ana i te wā, e māmā ake ana i te rērea i te hunga e haere ana rātou i ia rā. I muri i te rima tau anake, ka ngaro ēnei wāhi wareware i te toru haurua o te pātai tuatahi. Kei ētahi poutama he ruwhenua kua tahuna kia puta ai te wai, e mahi ana tētahi mea kia tīmata ai te paru ki roto i ēnei ruwhenua ka hua ko ngā tūranga pakaru. Anō, me mātua horoi tēnei paru katoa mōhio mēnā e hiahia ana ratou kia pupuri i te haumātanga. Nō reira i pāpaku tonu ai te kiriata i te nuinga o ngā kōwhiringa.

• Whakahē ki te hīmataki : Ngā tauwhāinga pāpaku e pupuri ana i te 85% ake o te mōhio ki te koinikoi i ngā mata tinoite, ā, e whai ana i ngā tikanga whakamatautau ASTM F2945
• Te Mana Whakatū Mō Te Wā Kaua He Tino Tino : Kāore he paruaro mōrearea o ngā īngoa anti-slip, e kitea ana i te rino me ngā tapa kua kihinihia
• Whakaitinga Tūraru : Whakakorea ngā mōrearea o te taka mai i ngā taonga kua pakaru, e noho ana i roto i ngā hoahoa perati

Ko ngā whare hangarau e ripoata ana i te 40% iti ake o ngā take e pa ana ki ngā tapa tapawhā i muri i te huri ki ngā whakaritenga tapa tapawhā. Ko te mata kotahi anō hoki e whakamāmātia ai te horoi i te tāruatanga i ngā kōwhiringa perati. Ko tēnei takotoranga e pai ake nei te tapa tapawhā hei kōwhiringa mō te haumātauranga e ū ana ki te ture i ngā tono whare e here ana.

Te Mahi Anga me te Arataki Uara o ngā Tapa Tapa Tapawhā

He nui te take o te kaha o ngā tapa taurite mō te haumāta o ngā tāngata me ngā tikanga herehere i ngā wāhi pērā i ngā tari me ngā toa. Me āki ai ngā tapa ki ngā pēhitanga katoa i ia rā, tae atu ki te hikoi noa, te nuku i ngā taonga taumaha, ā, ātaahua anō i ngā wā pānga pea ka rere haere he tini ngā tāngata i te wā kotahi. Kua whakaritea e ngā ture hanga hātepe ēnei rā ngā here tino striki mō ngā tapa, ina koa mō te aha o te taimaha e taea ana me te aha o te kaha o te pakaru. I ngā takotoranga hokohoko i te ao tinana, ko ngā tapa taurite kounga pai e taea ana e te 300 ponamu per square foot kaore i pakaru. Anō hoki, kaua e ngongo ake i te L/360, arā ko te wāhi e kitea ai te tangata e pakaru ana te paparinga i raro i a rātou. Kāore tēnei momo mahi kia noho i runga anake i te arataki, engari hoki kia mau ai te haumāta o katoa e whakamahi ana i ngā tapa.

Te mōhio kawe taimaha, ngā here whakangāhua, me te whai mātaitanga ki ASTM F2945/F2878 mō ngā tono tapa hokohoko

Ko te whai mātai ki ngā tīmata o ASTM International pērā i te F2945 (mō ngā ata torowhā kāinga) me te F2878 (mō ngā tapaere) e tiwha ana i te mahi angamaheni āhuatanga i ngā tikanga herekore. E hiahiatia ana e ēnei tīmata:

• Te kaha iti rawa o te pūmahara o 36 ksi mō ngā rerekē o te paraihe
• Ngā mata whati-kīato kāore e honohono ana, e mau ana i te tau o te wehe ≥ 0.5 i raro i ngā tikanga makariri me ngā tikanga hinu
• Te whakamātau i te whākati i raro i ngā uta hoahoa 4" kāore he ahunga mōhio

Ko te tepu i raro nei e whakawhitinga ana i ngā ine matua mō ngā matapae noa:

Ina ko ngā pūnaha ataata papa tīwai, ka haere pea ngā kaihanga ake ake i te mea e hiahiatia ana e ngā ture whare noho o te taiwhenua. Ka arataki ki ngā tikanga IBC Pēpiha 10, ka tutuki i ngā paerewa ADA mō te whakauru, ā, ka whai anō i ngā tohutohu AISC 360 mō te hāpai i ngā hononga hiriwa. Ko te putanga? Ngā ataata e haumaru ana mai i te rā tuatahi, ā, ka pai tonu te mahi mō ngā tau maha, maha. He mea nui rawa atu ēnei ataata i ngā wāhi e hōkioke ana ngā tāngata mā te rā, nā te mea ka pai ake te karo i ngā pēhanga tataungia ana tēnei i ngā kōwhiringa iti ake kei te māke. Kua kite tātou i ētahi tini o ngā whakapakanga ahumahi i tū pakari ai ēnei ataata mō te toru tekau tau, ā, āe, ina hoki ka pāngia e ngā wai, ngā matū hākinakina, ā, he wa hiato hoki ngā takotoranga o te wera.

Te Marautanga Marawhara: Te Whakauru i ngā Ataata Papa Tīwai ki ngā Rerekētanga Ōwhe

Ko ngā tapa pātene tirotiro e haere ake ana i ō rātou tāone hangarau, ka hoatu hoki he mea nui ki ngā kaihanga tohu mō ngā whare o te wā o nāianei. Ko te mea motuhake i ngā tapa pātene tirotiro ko te kaha o rātou, e āwhina ai i ngā kaihoahoa ki te tuirakau i ngā momo tahumaero, mai i ngā tapa korokoro ki ngā tapa e pakaru nei i ngā wāhi āhua. Kāore anō te tauira diamond e noho ana mō te haumātaetake anake, engari he ataahua hoki inaianei. Mā te mātai i ngā matēra, ko ngā takotoranga karu aluminium e hanga ana i ngā raina maamaama e tino pai ana mō ngā tari angamaheni, mō ngā whare toi, i te wa e pai ana te stīri hiko ki ngā whare tāone rerekē. E pai ana ngā mata mataara ki ngā taiepa mātātoko kāreo, ngā taiepa konikete e kitea ai, ā, ko ngā kōpae rānei ki ngā wāhi e tū ana. He aha te mea nui? Ka taea e ngā whare te hurihanga i te wā kaore i te hiahiatia kia huri tonu. Ka taea pea te huri i tētahi tāone tawhito ki tētahi pokapū toi i muri ake. Ko ngā tapa pātene tirotiro e tino kaha ana mō te whakamahi nui, ā, e āhua ataahua ana hoki kia tika ai ki ngā aronga hoahoa o te wā o nāianei.

Kōwhiringa Matēria me te Uara Roa-ā-Roto o ngā Poutarau Checker Plate

Ngā kōwhiringa Galvanized, stainless, and aluminum checker plate: Ngā whakaeke e pupuruhia ana, te utu mō te wā poto, me ngā utu kaupapa noa

Ina kōwhiri ana i ngā matapae mō ngā tapa tohu tauranga, me whakaaro ngā tāngata ki ētahi take pēnei i te aha pea o rātou e pā atu ana ki te porokiti, ki te utu mo te wā roa, me te pānga ki te taiao. He pai te karaihe kiri tīwai ki te porokiti nā te hanga hāpaitia o te kirihou, ā, kāore hoki i tino nui te utu i te timatanga, e $18 ki te $25 ia mita tapawhā. Engari, kei ngā wāhi e nui ana te waimāori, i te hau tai, me whakaputa anō i ēnei mata i ia rima ki ia whitu tau. Ko te karaihe kiri ma he mea motuhake mō ngā wāhi e tata ana ki te tai, ngā toihana tukatuka kai, i ēnei wāhi e noho ana ngā kimikimeka. Ahakoa he nui ake te utu i te timatanga, e $35 ki te $50 ia mita tapawhā, ka taea e ēnei tauranga te toro atu ki te waru tekau tau, e hāngai ana ki te tiro atu ki ngā utu mo te wā roa. He āhu atu hoki te tarakihana. Nōnaianei e pā atu ana ki te whakarewa, ko te tarakihana e toru haurua pea te taumaha o te karaihe, nō reira kāore he nui te herekenga ki ngā hanganga tautoko. Anō hoki, ka noho tonu te utu e hāngai ana i te $22 ki te $40 ia mita tapawhā e hāngai ana ki ngā āhuatanga.

Inā rātai ana ki ngā āhuatanga whakawhitinga, ka kitea he pai ake te hāruki o te parahi, he 95% te taea e ia te whakahou i te nuinga o te wā i te upoko kaha inox e noho ana ki te 90%. Engari he take kei reira, nā te mea kei te hiawa atu te hiko e hiahiatia ana kia hangaia te parahi. Kei te urupare te hāpari kiriata ki ētahi utu taiao mai i ngā tikanga whakauru hīoni, engari ka taea tonu e ia te whakahou i te 100%. Inā titiro mātou ki te āhua o te wā, ko ngā rangahau e whakaatu nei he taea e te parahi me ngā matēra hingoa te penapena i waenganui i te 20% ki te 30% pea i ngā utu tiaki i te nuinga o ngā takotoranga ahumahi mō te hāpari. Mō ngā kairangahau e mahi ana i ngā kaupapa e pā ana ki ngā tapa tapa, me whakaaro rātou ki te wāhi ka tū ai ēnei matēra, ki te āhua o te uaua o te tiaki i ngā tau ki muri, me te āhua o te tūmanako ki roto i ō rātou tahumaero ohaoha. Ko te kitea i te tika o ēnei āhuatanga e whakarite ana, e kore anō i te whai māramatanga ki ngā ture whare e kore anō hoki i ngā hanganga haumaru e mau ana i te uara mō ngā tau.